Names
for Words
The
Parts of Speech
Names
for Words: Parts of Speech
No
matter what, words must be put together
That
makes a sentence
Nothing
is possible without sentences
Sentence
Structure
All
sentences must start with a capital letter
All
sentences must end with a punctuation
A
sentence is not a part of speech; it just the thing that contains the Part of
speech
8
Main Parts Of Speech
Nouns
interjections
Verbs
Adjective
Adverbs
Preposition
Conjunctions
Pronouns
Conjunctions
Join
Things
Conjunctions
Conjunctions
are connecting words
Example:
And adds things
together in the sentence “I like baseball and soccer.”
Or also joins, but makes
an option “What do you like best, dogs or cats?”
Using
And/Or
Sentence
1: “I am going to play.”
Sentence
2: “I am going to study.”
Using And to join:
“I
am going to play, and I’m going to study.”
Using Or to join:
“ I
am going to play, or I’m going to study.”
Using
a Comma
Before
every joining word, a comma (,) must be used
Example:
“I
like soup, and I like sandwiches.”
You
also must check that a and/or can be used by taking out the , and/, or and
replacing it with a period.
Different
Conjunctions
Conjunctions
aren’t only and/or, they are:
So,
because, but, then, after,also just a (,), etc.
More
examples
No
one came to save him, so he went off to explore.
Alice
smiled, and then turned to her rabbit
Adjectives
Words
that describe
Adjectives
Words
that describe
Are
used to describe nouns
Used
to say:
How
something feels, tastes, looks, or sounds
Things
that we describe
You
Sky
School
Bird
Etc.
Words
to Describe
Green
– Any Color
Stormy
Loud
Five
– Any Number
Putting
it all together
Yellow
Chickens
Purple
sweater
Cloudy
Sky
Stinky
Cigarette
Using
more than one adjective
In
some cases, 2 adjectives may be used to describe
Examples
“The car was boxy, and green.”
“ The thin, gray paper airplane was
indestructible.”
Adjectives
Pick
some adjectives for:
Nouns
Pronouns
and Proper Nouns
Pronouns
Take
the place of nouns
Save
time and energy
Pronouns
are words such as it, he , she, they, etc.
**They
refer to the previous noun
Examples
of Pronouns
“Joe,
won a new car, and he jumped with joy.” Joe
Proper
Nouns
Something's
OWN name
Include
names, nicknames, pets names, places names, city names, etc.
Proper
Nouns also define
All
proper nouns start with Capitals
Examples:
Joe
vs. Person Jamestown vs. the
city
Articles
A,
An, The
Articles
Always
go before a noun
“The
Rules”
A
always presents a consonant
An
always presents a vowel
The
always presents a singular
The
Two Parts of a Sentence
Putting
Things Together
2
Parts Of a Sentence
Sentences
are the building blocks of our language
The
2 Main Parts are:
Subjects
Predicates
The
Subject
Is
the Noun of the sentence, The sentence is also based upon the Noun
In,
“The beautiful ballerina leaped into the air like a deer.” Ballerina
is the subject
In,
“The Seminole Indians traveled over the water in the dugout canals.”
The
quickest way to find the subject is to read the sentence carefully
The
subject can be singular or plural and 1 or 2 words
The
Predicate
The
predicate names the verb in the sentence that tells what is happening
In,
“The beautiful ballerina leaped into the air like a deer.” leaped
is the predicate
In,
“ The Seminole Indians traveled over water in the dugout canals.” the
predicate is traveled.”
The
easiest way to find the predicate is to find what the subject is doing.
Helping
Verbs
The
action
Helping
Verbs
The
Helping Verb shows us weather the verb is past, present, or future. These are all considered “tenses”
The
“tense” table
Getting
Words to Agree
Singular
and Plurals
Getting
Words to Agree
All
plural subjects end with the letter “s”
Verbs
in sentences with he and they do not always indicate a plural.
**Remember
He Goes
They Go
Matching
Plural Verbs
When
you have a plural subject such as, “five boys” you must give them a plural verb
such as, “run”
Verbs
with <1 Part
Must
agree in “Tense”
If
the 1st part is talking about the past the 2nd part must
do the same
If
this rule is not followed, it will create a time warp in the middle.
Three
Types of Sentences
Main
Sentences
The
3 Main Types Of Sentences
Almost
everything we say is said in sentences.
There
are interrogative, declarative, and imperative sentences
Declarative
Sentences
Are
the most common type of sentence.
Are
punctuated with a period.
Are
used to tell our thoughts, and what we see.
Can
be simple or complex.
“I
have a dream . . .” as MLK Jr. once said.
“I
saw a bird as beautiful as the summer sky as it rises above the horizon.”
Interrogative
Sentences
ALWAYS
has a (?) question mark.
If
you ask enough of them they become self-explanatory.
“Do
stars burn out ?”
“Why
are my eyes colored ?”
“Why
is global warming such a problem ?”
Imperative
Sentences
May
need more than 1 or 2 words.
Used
to give orders and make requests.
Always
ends in a (!) exclamation point if used to make requests.
Always
ends in (.) a period to give orders.
“Stop!”
“Hug
Me.”
**
In many sentences YOU is not spoken but is understood.
Types
of Literature
Learning
Books
Biography
A
True story about a persons life
Are
very interesting stories
Are
NOT by the person they are about
Are
written using second hand accounts
SECOND-HAND
ACCOUNTS –writings that are left behind, diaries, newspapers, and letters, etc.
Autobiography
Are
books written by the person they are about
Auto-
means self (ex. Automobile is self driven. Autopilot is a plane
that flies by itself)
Most
are written in Prose, but can be written in poems, plays, or songs
Fiction
Are make-believe, or fairytales such as Alice
in Wonderland, or Pollyanna
Not
everything has to be made-up, can have true parts with a twist, or true facts
in a made-up story. Ex. You could have a story about traveling through space,
that is not true. But, the moon,
gravity force, wind, stars, yourself, a spaceshutle, etc.
Non-Fiction
Is
ALL true
Ex.
Biographies, and autobiographies, newspaper articles, and school reports, and
history
IE.
A report on the 1989 earthquake in San Francisco
Sayings
and Phrases
Idioms
and Metaphors
What
Is A Phrase ?
Main
Entry:1phrase
Pronunciation:*fr*z
Function:noun
Etymology:Latin
phrasis, from Greek, from phrazein to point out, explain, tell
Date:15301
:
a
characteristic manner or style of expression
:
DICTION2 a : a brief expression; especially
:
CATCHPHRASE
b :
WORD3
: a short musical thought typically two to four measures long closing with a
cadence4 : a word or group of words forming a syntactic constituent with a
single grammatical function *an
adverbial phrase*5 : a series of dance movements comprising a section of a
pattern
“Actions
Speak Louder Than Words”
Means,
some people don’t mean what they say. It
is often obvious what is meant.
“Dad
says he hates cats – even Juju,” Stewart said.
“But,” Tracy said, “last night, I saw Dad
kiss the top of his head.
“Well,” Stewart said, “I think he really
loves Juju, well, actions speak louder than words.”
“Beggars,
Can’t Be Choosers”
This
phrase means if you are needy, don’t be picky even if it isn’t exactly what you
want or need.
“I
didn’t have time to eat,” Jane said, “and I’m starving! But the only thing left
in the cafeteria is yesterdays spinach salad.”
“Beggars
can’t be choosers, Jane,” Nicky said, “looks like you’ll actually have to
eat something healthy for a change.”
Let
Bygones Be Bygones
This
means that people should forget about bad feelings towards each other.
“I
can’t belive you won’t help me with this science experiment! It means a lot,
I’m failing,” Tyron said screaming,”Why won’t you help.”
“Come
on, Tyron,” Janine said,”I’ll help you study.
There is no sense in being mad. Just Let bygones be bygones.”
Look
Before You Leap
Talks
about risks we take in life. It means that we should think before acting.
“Mom,
Andrew asked me if I want to take over his paper route. Isn’t that a great idea ? Then I could by that new trumpet.”
“I
don’t know,” mother said, “ you have music lessons every day after school. Do you really have time. You should Look before you leap.”
One
Rotten Apple Spoils The Whole Barrel
Today
, you are going to use your text books and do partner notes.
Turn
to page 63, it is at the bottom of pg. 63 and pg. 64
A
Place for Everything and Everything in its Place
Today
, you are going to use your text books and do partner notes.
Turn
to pg. 64
You
must have a different partner
The
Show Must Go On
Means
no matter what happens the project must keep going.
“I
can’t play goalie this weekend,” Lisa said, “ I have a sprained ankle.”
“Its
okay,” said the coach, “ the show must go on.”
His
Bark Is Worse Than His Bite
Means
someone looks or acts a lot differently than who they really are.
“Mr.
Crackles is such a grouch,” Meg said.
“Yeah,”
said Mickey, “ they shouldn’t call him principal, they should call him
‘prince-paddle’.”
“You
are so foolish you 2,” Missy explained, “you know he wouldn’t paddle
anyone. He might get mad easy but he’s
really a nice man. His bark is worse
that his bite.”
Beat
Around The Bush
Today
, you are going to use your text books and do partner notes.
Turn
to page 65, You must work with someone you haven't yet worked with.
Clean
Bill Of Health
Today
, you are going to use your text books and do partner notes.
Turn
to page 65
On
His Last Legs
Means
something is about to die or break for good.
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